Choose the correct option:
Question 1.
What type of conservative regimes were set up in 1815 in Europe?
(a) Autocratic
(b) Democratic
(c) Aristocratic
(d) Dictatorial
Answer
Answer: (a) Autocratic
Question 2.
Identify the French artist who prepared a series of four prints visualising his dream of a world from the following:
(a) Kitagewa Utamaro
(b) Richard M Hoe
(c) Voltaire
(d) Frederic Sorrieu
Answer
Answer: (d) Frederic Sorrieu
Question 3.
Napoleon invaded Italy in
(a) 1821
(b) 1790s
(c) 1905
(d) 1797
Answer
Answer: (b) 1790s
Question 4.
Who was proclaimed King of united Italy in 1861?
(a) Victor Emmanuel II
(b) Louis Philippe
(c) Mazzini
(d) Cavour
Answer
Answer: (a) Victor Emmanuel II
Question 5.
Which of the following artists painted the image of Germania?
(a) Philip Veit
(b) Frederic Sorrieu
(c) Ernst Renan
(d) Richar M Hoe
Answer
Answer: (a) Philip Veit
Question 6.
Who said ‘When France sneezes, the rest of Europe catches cold’?
(a) Garibaldi
(b) Bismarck
(c) Mazzini
(d) Duke Metternich
Answer
Answer: (d) Duke Metternich
Question 7.
What happened to Poland at the end of 18th century. Which of the following answers is correct?
(a) Poland achieved independence at the end of the 18th century.
(b) Poland came totally under the control of Russia and became part of Russia.
(c) Poland became the part of East Germany.
(d) Poland was partitioned at the end of the 18th century by three Great Powers: Russia, Prussia and Austria.
Answer
Answer: (d) Poland was partitioned at the end of the 18th century by three Great Powers: Russia, Prussia and Austria.
Question 8.
Who played the leading role in the unification of Germany?
(a) German Emperor (formerly King of Prussia) – Kaiser William I.
(b) Otto Von Bismarck (Prussian Chief Minister).
(c) Johann Gottfried Herder – German philosopher.
(d) Austrian Chancellor – Duke Metternich.
Answer
Answer: (b) Otto Von Bismarck (Prussian Chief Minister).
Question 9.
Three wars over seven years with Austria, Denmark, Germany and France, ended in
(a) Danish victory
(b) Prussian victory
(c) French victory
(d) German victory
Answer
Answer: (b) Prussian victor
Question 10.
Who was proclaimed the emperor of Germany in 1871?
(a) Otto Von Bismarck
(b) Victor Emmanuel II
(c) Count Cavour
(d) Kaiser William I of Prussia
Answer
Answer: (d) Kaiser William I of Prussia
Question 11.
Which one of the following was not the feature of Napoleonic Code?
(a) Equality before the law
(b) Universal Adult Franchise
(c) Right to Property
(d) Privileges based on birth
Answer
Answer: (d) Privileges based on birth
Explanation:
The Civil Code of 1804 – usually known as the Napoleonic Code – did away with all privileges based on birth, established equality before the law and secured the right to property.
Question 12.
Who hosted the ‘Treaty of Vienna’?
(a) Frédéric Sorrieu
(b) Victor Emmanuel
(c) Duke Metternich
(d) Giuseppe Garibaldi
Answer
Answer: (c) Duke Metternich
Explanation:
In 1815, representatives of the European powers – Britain, Russia, Prussia and Austria – who had collectively defeated Napoleon, met at Vienna to draw up a settlement for Europe. The Congress was hosted by the Austrian Chancellor Duke Metternich.
Question 13.
The political and constitutional changes brought about by the French Revolution were:
(a) it ended the absolute monarchy.
(b) It transferred power to a body of the French citizens.
(c) It proclaimed that henceforth people would constitute the nation and shape its destiny.
(d) All the above.
Answer
Answer: (d) All the above.
Explanation:
France, was a full-fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch. The political and constitutional changes that came in the wake of the French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens. The revolution proclaimed that it was the people who would henceforth constitute the nation and shape its destiny.
Question 14.
What does ‘Absolutist’ mean?
(a) A Philosophy
(b) A Theory
(c) Monarchical Government
(d) A Painting
Answer
Answer: (c) Monarchical Government
Explanation:
Absolutist is a government or system of rule that has no control on the power exercised. In history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralised, militarised and repressive.
Question 15.
The first clear expression of nationalism came with:
(a) The American Revolution
(b) The French Revolution
(c) The Russian Revolution
(d) The Industrial Revolution
Answer
Answer: (b) The French Revolution
Explanation:
The first clear expression of nationalism came with the French Revolution in 1789. France was a full-fledged territorial state in 1789 under the rule of an absolute monarch. The political and constitutional changes during French Revolution led to the transfer of sovereignty from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.
Question 16.
What does a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales symbolise ?
(a) Peace
(b) Equality
(c) Justice
(d) Liberty
Answer
Answer: (c) Justice
Explanation:
The attributes of Liberty are the red cap, or the broken chain, while Justice is generally a blindfolded woman carrying a pair of weighing scales.
Question 17.
What was the main intention behind ‘Treaty of Vienna of 1815’?
(a) Restore republics
(b) Restore democracies
(c) Restore monarchies
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (c) Restore monarchies
Explanation:
The main intention behind ‘Treaty of Vienna of 1815’ was to restore the monarchies that had been overthrown by Napoleon, and create a new conservative order in Europe.
Question 18.
Who was proclaimed German Emperor after its unification?
(a) The Prussian King – William-I
(b) The French King – Louis Philippe
(c) Victor Emmanuel II
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (a) The Prussian King – William-I
Explanation:
Three wars over seven years – with Austria, Denmark and France – ended in Prussian victory and completed the process of unification. In January 1871, the Prussian king, William I, was proclaimed German Emperor in a ceremony held at Versailles.
Question 19.
What did Germania symbolize?
(a) French nation
(b) German nation
(c) British nation
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (b) German nation
Explanation:
Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual representations, Germania wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.
Question 20.
Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?
(a) French Revolutionary
(b) Italian Revolutionary
(c) Russian Revolutionary
(d) None of above
Answer
Answer: (b) Italian Revolutionary
Explanation:
Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian revolutionary. Born in Genoa in 1807, he became a member of the secret society of the Carbonari. He founded two more underground societies, first, Young Italy in Marseilles, and then, Young Europe in Berne.
Question 21.
Name the customs union formed by Prussia to abolish tariff barriers.
(a) Elle
(b) Zollverein
(c) Zweibiicken
(d) La Patrie
Answer
Answer: (b) Zollverein
Explanation:
In 1834, a customs union or zollverein was formed at the initiative of Prussia and joined by most of the German states. The union abolished tariff barriers and reduced the number of currencies from over thirty to two.
Question 22.
What did ‘Das Volk’ stand for?
(a) Democracy
(b) Factory workers
(c) Slum dwellers
(d) Common people
Answer
Answer: (d) Common people
Explanation:
German philosopher Johann Gottfried Herder (1744-1803) claimed that true German culture was to be discovered among the common people – das volk. It was through folk songs, folk poetry and folk dances that the true spirit of the nation (volksgeist) was popularised.
Question 23.
Which of the following is true with reference to Romanticism?
(a) Concept of government by consent
(b) Freedom of markets
(c) Cultural movements
(d) Freedom of an individual
Answer
Answer: (c) Cultural movements
Explanation:
Romanticism, a cultural movement which sought to develop a particular form of nationalist sentiment. Romantic artists and poets generally criticised the glorification of reason and science and focused instead on emotions, intuition and mystical feelings.
Question 24.
Who were the Junkers?
(a) Soldiers
(b) Large landowners
(c) Aristocracy
(d) Nobility
Answer
Answer: (b) Large landowners
Explanation:
The liberal initiative to nation-building of Germany was repressed by the combined forces of the monarchy and the military, supported by the large landowners (called Junkers) of Prussia.
Question 25.
Which one of the following areas was the most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871?
(a) The Balkans
(b) Great Britain
(c) Italy
(d) Germany
Answer
Answer: (a) The Balkans
Explanation:
The most serious source of nationalist tension in Europe after 1871 was the area called the Balkans. The Balkans was a region of geographical and ethnic variation comprising modern-day Romania, Bulgaria, Albania, Greece, Macedonia, Croatia, Bosnia-Herzegovina, Slovenia, Serbia and Montenegro whose inhabitants were broadly known as the Slavs.
Match the following:
| Column A Attribute |
Column B Significance |
| 1. Broken chains | a. heroism |
| 2. Breastplate with eagle | b. beginning of a new era |
| 3. Crown of oak leaves | c. being freed |
| 4. Sword | d. willingness to make peace |
| 5. Olive branch around the sword | e. symbol of the German empire-strength |
| 6. Black, red and gold tricolor | f. readiness to fight |
| 7. Rays of the rising sun | g. flag of the liberal-nationalists in 1848, banned by the Dukes of the German states |
Answer
Answer:
| Column A Attribute |
Column B Significance |
| 1. Broken chains | c. being freed |
| 2. Breastplate with eagle | e. symbol of the German empire-strength |
| 3. Crown of oak leaves | a. heroism |
| 4. Sword | f. readiness to fight |
| 5. Olive branch around the sword | d. willingness to make peace |
| 6. Black, red and gold tricolor | g. flag of the liberal-nationalists in 1848, banned by the Dukes of the German states |
| 7. Rays of the rising sun | b. beginning of a new era |
Picture-based Questions:
Study the picture (NCERT TB Page 23) and answer the questions that follows:
(i) Identify the above figure.
(ii) Name the artist who painted the image.
(iii) What is the significance of the image?
Answer
Answer: (i) It is the painting of Germania.
(ii) The name of the artist is Philip Veit.
(iii) Germania became the allegory of the German nation. In visual representations, she wears a crown of oak leaves, as the German oak stands for heroism.
