Instructions:
Answer these questions selecting the appropriate option given below.
(a) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
(c) A is true, but R is false
(d) A is false, but R is true
Q 1. Assertion (A): Forests plays a key role in the ecological system.
Reason (R): Forests are the primary producers on which all other living beings depend.
Answer
Answer: A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Q 2. Assertion (A): We need to conserve our forests and wildlife.
Reason (R): Rapid decline in wildlife population and forestry has been observed.
Answer
Answer: A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Q 3. Assertion (A): Tiger population is not on the verge of extinction.
Reason (R): Tiger population in forests is increasing rapidly day-by-day.
Answer
Answer: D. Assertion (A) is false, but Reason (R) is true.
Q 4. Assertion (A): Destruction of forests and wildlife resulted into the loss of cultural diversity.
Reason (R): The conservation of forests and wildlife is essential to provide a better quality of life.
Answer
Answer: B. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are correct, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Q 5. Assertion (A): The tree is a peculiar organism of unlimited kindness.
Reason (R): Trees are living organisms which makes no demands for its sustenance, and extends generously the products of its life activity.
Answer
Answer: A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Q6. Assertion (A) : Neglect of our environment has led to the destruction and extinction of many species of animals and plant life.
Reason (R) : Decreasing Forest cover area is a major reason of destruction of species.
Answer
Answer: A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explantion: (a) Vanishing forests are the major reason for the extinction of species of animals and plant life. Thus, neglecting our environment has led to dire consequences.
Q7. Assertion (A) : Depletion of forests causes a lot of danger.
Reason (R) : Forests are vital for the quality of life and environment.
Answer
Answer: A. Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Explanation: Depletion of forests causes a lot of danger. Water scarcity, drought and deforestation induced floods are some of the dangers. Thus, forests are vital for the quality of life and environment.
Q8. Assertion (A) : Large-scale development projects have also contributed significantly to the loss of forests.
Reason (R) : Large scale development projects doesn’t inundate hectares of forest.
Answer
Answer: (C) Clearing of forests is still continuing with projects like the Narmada Sagar Project in Madhya Pradesh which would inundate large areas of forests. Thus, contributing significantly to the loss of fo rests.
Q.9 Assertion (A): Forests are called the primary producers in an ecological system.
Reason (R): Forests provide oxygen and regulate temperature, but do not contribute to the food chain.
Answer
Answer: c. A is true, but R is false
Explanation: Forests are primary producers as they form the base of the food chain through photosynthesis. R is incorrect.
Q.10 Assertion (A): Biodiversity ensures natural sustainability for all life forms.
Reason (R): All organisms are interdependent and play a role in maintaining ecological balance.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Biodiversity maintains balance through interconnected roles of various organisms.
Q.11 Assertion (A): The Indian Wildlife (Protection) Act of 1972 aimed to protect endangered species.
Reason (R): The Act banned hunting, protected habitats, and regulated trade in wildlife.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: The Act was enacted to protect wildlife and prevent species extinction through strong legal steps.
Q.12 Assertion (A): Conservation of forests and wildlife is essential for maintaining the life support system.
Reason (R): Conservation helps preserve water, air, and soil quality along with genetic diversity.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Conservation efforts are vital for protecting ecological balance and ensuring sustainability of life systems.
Q.13 Assertion (A): The Wildlife Protection Act has been extended to include insects like butterflies and beetles.
Reason (R): Conservation planning in India now focuses only on big animals.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- c. A is true, but R is false
Explanation: A is true as insects were added in the 1980s and 1990s, but R is false because conservation is no longer limited to big animals.
Q.14 Assertion (A): Reserved forests are considered the most important for conserving forest and wildlife resources.
Reason (R): Reserved forests are strictly protected and often have restricted human access.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Reserved forests are best protected, and R correctly explains why they are vital for conservation.
Q.15 Assertion (A): Unclassed forests are owned only by private individuals.
Reason (R): These forests fall outside the management of the Forest Department.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- d. A is false, but R is true
Explanation: Unclassed forests are owned by both government and private individuals; thus A is false, but R is true.
Q.16 Assertion (A): Madhya Pradesh has the highest area under permanent forests.
Reason (R): Most of its forests are classified as unclassed forests.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- c. A is true, but R is false
Explanation: A is true—Madhya Pradesh has the highest permanent forests. But R is false—they are mostly reserved, not unclassed.
Q.17 Assertion (A): Local communities play a significant role in forest conservation in India.
Reason (R): Communities have declared forests like Bhairodev Dakav ‘Sonchuri’ with self-made rules to protect wildlife.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Local efforts like Sonchuri clearly show how communities take the lead in forest protection.
Q.18 Assertion (A): The Chipko Movement successfully resisted deforestation in the Himalayan region.
Reason (R): The movement involved villagers hugging trees to prevent them from being cut down.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Q.19 Assertion (A): Joint Forest Management (JFM) was first implemented in Odisha.
Reason (R): JFM allows local communities to manage forests and share in benefits.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A Explanation: JFM started in Odisha in 1988 and encourages shared forest protection and benefits.
Q.20 Assertion (A): In parts of Gujarat and Eastern India, unclassed forests are often managed by communities.
Reason (R): These forests are owned exclusively by the central government.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- c. A is true, but R is false
Explanation: A is true, but R is false. Unclassed forests are owned by both government and communities.
Q.21 Assertion (A): Sustainable development should focus only on economic profit.
Reason (R): Environmental protection and people’s welfare are obstacles to economic growth.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- d. A is false, and R is also false
Explanation: Both are false. Sustainable development must balance economic gain, people’s needs, and environmental health.
Q.22 Assertion (A): Forests play a key role in the ecological system as these are also the primary producers on which all other beings depend.
Reason (R): The plants, animals, and micro-organisms re-create the quality of the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the soil that produces our food without which we cannot survive.
Answer
Answer: Answer:- a. Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A
Explanation: Both statements are true and closely connected. Forests are primary producers that support all life forms, and the reason correctly explains how living organisms maintain the essential elements of our environment.
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