Choose the correct option:
Question 1.
Who set up the first Indian Jute Mill in Calcutta?
(a) G.D. Birla
(b) Seth Hukumchand
(c) Jamsetjee Nusserwanjee Tata
(d) Dwarkanath Tagore
Answer
Answer: (b) Seth Hukumchand
Question 2.
A fuller’s job is to
(a) pick up wool
(b) sort wool according to its fibre
(c) gather cloth by pleating
(d) carry wool to the spinner
Answer
Answer: (c) gather cloth by pleating
Question 3.
Which of the following countries faced labour shortage in the nineteenth
century?
(a) America
(b) Britain
(c) France
(d) Germany
Answer
Answer: (a) America
Question 4.
The ports of Surat and Hoogly decayed in the
(a) sixteenth century
(b) seventeenth century
(c) eighteenth century
(d) nineteenth century
Answer
Answer: (b) seventeenth century
Question 5.
The first cotton mill in India was established in
(a) Madras
(b) Calcutta
(c) Gujarat
(d) Bombay
Answer
Answer: (b) Calcutta
Question 6.
Dwarkanath Tagore was a/an
(a) philanthropist
(b) educationist
(c) social reformer
(d) industrialist
Answer
Answer: (d) industrialist
Question 7.
Why did the weavers suffer from a problem of raw cotton?
(a) The cotton crop perished
(b) Raw cotton exports increased
(c) Local markets shrank
(d) Export market collapsed
Answer
Answer: (b) Raw cotton exports increased
Question 8.
In Victorian Britain the upper classes- aristocratic class and bourgeoisie
preferred handmade goods because:
(a) they were made from imported material.
(b) the handmade goods came to symbolize refinement and class.
(c) they were better finished.
(d) only upper class could afford the expensive items.
Answer
Answer: (b) the handmade goods came to symbolize refinement and class.
Question 9.
By late 19th century why did the British manufacturers print calendars for
advertisements?
(a) Indian people were fond of using calendars in their houses.
(b) Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who
did not know how to read or write.
(c) It was cheaper to advertise goods through calendars.
(d) It used to add beauty to the room.
Answer
Answer: (b) Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who did not know how to read or write.
Question 10.
Which of the following innovations helped the weavers in increasing
productivity and compete with mill sector?
(a) Spining jenny
(b) Fly shuttle
(c) Cotton Gin
(d) Roller
Answer
Answer: (b) Fly shuttle
Question 11.
What do you mean by ‘Gomastha’?
(a) An officer of the Company who acted as a go-between the Company and Indian
traders
(b) An officer of the East India Company who looked after the textile trade
(c) A paid servant of the Company who supervised weavers, collected supplies
and examined the quality of the cloth
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (c) A paid servant of the Company who supervised weavers, collected
supplies and examined the quality of the cloth.
Explanation:
First: the Company tried to eliminate the existing traders and later they
appoint a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise weavers, collect
supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.
Question 12.
According to historians, who was the typical worker in the mid-nineteenth
century?
(a) Craftsperson and labourer
(b) Machine operator
(c) Unskilled labour
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (a) Craftsperson and labourer
Explanation:
The typical worker in the mid-nineteenth century, according to historians,
was traditional craftsperson and labourer and not a machine operator.
Question 13.
What do you mean by Carding?
(a) In spinning
(b) In weaving
(c) In which cotton or wool fibres are prepared for spinning
(d) In which finishing of cloth is done
Answer
Answer: (c) In which cotton or wool fibres are prepared for spinning
Explanation:
Carding is a process in which cotton or wool fibres are prepared for
spinning.
Question 14.
Who was the Staplers and Fullers?
(a) Gathers cloth by pleating
(b) Sorts wool according to its fibre
(c) Both a and b
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (c) Both a and b
Explanation:
A Fuller ‘fulls’ or gathers cloth by pleating and ‘staples’ or sorts wool
according to its fibre. A merchant clothier in England purchased wool from a
wool stapler, and carried it to the spinners, the yarn (thread) that was
spun was taken in subsequent stages of production to weavers, fullers, and
then to dyers.
Question 15.
What was the reason behind new merchants could not set up business in the
towns in Europe?
(a) The rules became barrier
(b) Scarcity of product to start any business
(c) The powerful trade guilds and urban crafts made it difficult
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: c. The powerful trade guilds and urban crafts made it difficult
Explanation:
The new merchants could not set up business in the towns in Europe, because
the powerful trade guilds and urban crafts made it difficult for new
merchants to start business in towns and restricted their entry.
Question 16.
Which pre-colonial port connected India to the Gulf countries and the Red Sea
ports?
(a) Bombay
(b) Hooghly
(c) Surat
(d) Machhalipatanam
Answer
Answer: (c) Surat
Explanation:
Surat on the Gujarat coast connected India to the Gulf and Red Sea Ports;
Masulipatam on the Coromandel coast and Hoogly in Bengal had trade links
with Southeast Asian ports.
Question 17.
Who produced music book that Dawn of the Century?
(a) New Comen
(b) James Watt
(c) E. T. Paul
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (c) E. T. Paul
Explanation:
E. T. Paul produced a popular music book that had a picture on the cover
page announcing the Dawn of the Century.
Question 18.
What were supply during the First World War from Indian factories?
(a) Jute bags and cloth for army uniforms
(b) Tents and leather boots
(c) Horse and mule saddles
(d) All of these
Answer
Answer: (d) All of these
Explanation:
There are many items supply by Indian factories during the First World War.
They are jute bags, cloth for army uniforms, tents, leather boots, horse and
mule saddles, besides other things.
Question 19.
When did the export of Indian yarn to China declined?
(a) 1906
(b) 1910
(c) 1915
(d) 1902
Answer
Answer: (a) 1906
Explanation:
The export of Indian yarn to China declined in 1906, because produce from
the Chinese and Japanese mills flooded the Chinese market.
Question 20.
Which War caused new problems for Indian weavers?
(a) The American Civil War
(b) First world war
(c) Second world war
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (a) The American Civil War
Explanation:
The American Civil War caused new problems for Indian weavers. Indian
weavers could not get sufficient supply of raw cotton of good quality.The
Americans stopped supplying raw cotton to Britain due to the Civil War.
Question 21.
Who was Dwarkanath Tagore?
(a) A social reformer
(b) Musician
(c) Industrialist
(d) Painter
Answer
Answer: (c) Industrialist
Explanation:
Dwarkanath Tagore was the Industrialist. In Bengal, he made his fortune in
the China trade before he turned to industrial investment, setting up six
joint-stock companies in the 1830s and 1840s.
Question 22.
In 1917 who set up the first Indian jute mill in Calcutta?
(a) Seth Hukumchand
(b) G.D. Birla
(c) Jamsedjee Tata
(d) None of the above
Answer
Answer: (a) Seth Hukumchand
Explanation:
Seth Hukumchand, a Marwari businessman set up the first Indian jute mill in
Calcutta in 1917. He also traded with China.
Question 23.
In which century, the exports of British cotton goods increased
dramatically?
(a) 17th century
(b) 19th century
(c) 20th century
(d) 18th century
Answer
Answer: (b) 19th century
Explanation:
In the twentieth century, handloom cloth production expanded steadily almost
trebling the exports of British cotton goods increased dramatically.
Question 24.
During the 19th century, Which were the most dynamic industries in Britain?
(a) Cotton and metal
(b) Metal and sugar
(c) Sugar and cotton
(d) None of these
Answer
Answer: (a) Cotton and metal
Explanation:
The most dynamic industries in Britain during 19th century were cotton and
metal.
Question 25.
What are the problems faced by the cotton weavers in India?
(a) Export market had collapsed
(b) They did not have good quality cotton
(c) Imported goods were cheap
(d) All of the above
Answer
Answer: (d) All of the above
Explanation:
The following problems was faced by cotton weavers in India and they are
Export market had collapsed ,they did not have good quality cotton and
Imported goods were cheap.
Picture-based Questions:
Question 1.
Look at the given picture taken from Textbook Page 125 and then answer the
questions that follow:
(i) What do you see in the above picture? What is the goddess shown
offering?
(ii) What message does the manufacturer want to convey to the people of
India?
(iii) How did people of India support the swadeshi movement?
Answer
Answer:
(i) In the above picture, the goddess is offering clothes to the people.
(ii) The manufacturer wants to convey to the people of India that it is also
the will of goddess that people should use country made things.
(iii) The people of India supported the swadeshi movement using country made
things.
Social Science Quiz The Age of Industrialisation Class 10
Please fill the above data!
Name : Apu
Roll : 9
Total Questions:
Correct: | Wrong:
Attempt: | Percentage:
Multiple Choice Questions
1. The person who got people from village, ensured them jobs, helped them settle in cities and provided them money is times of need was known as: [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) Stapler
(b) Fuller
(c) Gomastha
(d) Jobber
2. Where was the first Indian Jute mill set up? [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) Bengal
(b) Bombay
(c) Madras
(d) Bihar
3. In 1911, 67 percent of the large industries were located in which one of the following places in India? [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) Bengal and Bombay
(b) Surat and Ahmedabad
(c) Delhi and Bombay
(d) Patna and Lucknow
4. Whom did the British government appoint to supervise weavers collect supplies and to examine the quality of cloth? [CBSE (CCE) 2011]
(a) Jobber
(b) Sepoy
(c) Policemen
(d) Gomastha
5. Indian Industrial growth increased after the First World War because
(a) Indian mills now had a vast home market to supply.
(b) British opened new factories in India.
(c) New technological changes ocurred.
(d) India became independent.
6. Which of the following helped the production of handloom cloth production?
(a) Technological changes
(b) Import duties
(c) Imposition of export dirties
(d) Government regulations
7. Why did the weavers suffer from a problem of raw cotton?
(a) The cotton crop perished
(b) Raw cotton exports increased
(c) Local markets shrank
(d) Export market collapsed.
8. In early 20th century handloom cloth production increased because
(a) factories were set up.
(b) new technology like looms with flying shuttle were introduced.
(c) merchants invested more capital in industry.
(d) demand for handloom increased.
9. How did the Indian weavers and merchants resist colonial control ?
(a) They went on strike to protest
(b) Decided to form guilds
(c) Demanded tariff protection and tried to create new market for the new produce
(d) Migrated to other place to look for new markets.
10. At which place did the first spinning and weaving mill set up in 1874 ?
(a) Kanpur
(b) Bombay
(c) Calcutta
(d) Madras
11. Why were there frequent clashes between the gomastha and the weavers ?
(a) The weavers hated foreigners.
(b) The gomastha forced the weavers to sell goods at a dictated price.
(c) Gomasthas were outsiders without long term social link with the village.
(d) None of the above.
12. Why were workers in England hostile to machines and new technology ?
(a) They did not know how to use these.
(b) They feared that they would lose their jobs and livelihood.
(c) The workers were too poor to buy new machines.
(d) They were scared of machines.
13. Indian handmade goods could not compete with the British machine made goods because
(a) these handmade goods were not of good quality.
(b) machine made goods were cheaper than hand made goods.
(c) hand made goods were not easily available.
(d) hand made goods were not appealing to them.
14. Which of the following was a European managing agency ?
(a) Tata Iron and Steel Company
(b) Andrew Yule
(c) Elgin Mill
(d) Birla industries
15. The main function of the jobber was to
(a) create jobs for the industrialists.
(b) get new recruits for the industrialists.
(c) help the middleman to get artisans for the company.
(d) to advise the company on the issues related to the weavers.
16. Which of the following innovations helped the weavers in increasing productivity and compete with mill sector ?
(a) Spining jenny
(b) Flying shuttle
(c) Cotton Gin
(d) Roller
17. By late 19th century why did the British manufacturers print calendars for advertisements ?
(a) Indian people were fond of using calendars in their houses.
(b) Unlike newspapers and magazines, calendars were used even by people who did not know how to read or write.
(c) It was cheaper to advertise goods through calendars.
(d) It used to add beauty to the room.
18. In 20th century handloom cloth production expanded steadily because
(a) handloom material was cheaper.
(b) Indians preferred the handloom material.
(c) intricate design of handloom cloth could not easily be copied by the mills.
(d) using handloom material created national feeling.
19. Why did Manchester export to India decline after the first world war ?
(a) People were busy fighting the war.
(b) Factories closed down due to security problem.
(c) Factories and mills were busy producing goods to fulfil the need of army.
(d) Export trade was restricted by the government.
20 In Victorian Britain the ujiper classes-aristocratic class and bourgeoisie preferred handmade goods because
(a) they were made from imported material.
(b) the handmade goods came to symbolise refinement and class.
(c) they were better finished.
(d) only upper class could afford the expensive items.
21. Why were advertisements used to sell products in 18th century ? Mark the most important factor
(a) To help the consumer in choosing the products.
(b) To popularise the products by using pictures of gods and goddesses.
(c) To make the products look good and desirable.
(d) All the above
22. Nationalist Indian manufacturers used advertisement
(a) to impress the people
(b) to make Indian goods popular
(c) to use advertisement as a vehicle for spreading the message of Swadeshi
(d) to increase sale of products
23. Strike the odd one out from the following option. European managing companies were interested in investing in
(a) Mining
(b) Rice production
(c) Jute
(d) Indigo
24. From which of the following trade did the early entrepreneurs make a fortune ?
(a) Textile trade
(b) China trade
(c) Trade in tea
(d) Industries
ANSWERS
NCERT Solutions for Class 10 Social Science History
Chapter 5 The Age of Industrialisation
Q.1. Explain the following :
(a) Woman workers in Britain attacked the Spinning Jenny. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns In Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages.
(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century.
(d) The East India Company appointed Gomasthas to supervise the weavers in India. [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Ans.
(a) In Britain in the 19th century, the condition of workers was bad as mentioned below:
Abundance of labour affected the lives of the workers because the period of employment was less.
Sometimes the proportion of unemployment went upto between 35 and 75 per cent. The fear of unemployment made workers hostile to the introduction of new technology. When the Spinning Jenny was introduced in the woolen industry, women who survived on hand spinning began attacking the new machines because the machine speeded up the spinning process and reduced labour demand as by turning one single wheel a worker could set in motion a number of spindles and spin several threads at a time.
This conflict over the introduction of Spinning Jenny continued for a long time.
(b) In the seventeenth century, merchants from towns in Europe began employing peasants and artisans within the villages due to following factors :
- As a result of expansion of world trade and acquisition of colonies, demand for goods had increased significantly. The merchants, however, could not increase production in towns as the urban crafts and trade guilds were powerful. These were associations of producers that trained its people, maintained control over production, regulated competition and prices and restricted the entry of new people into the trade. Rulers granted different guilds the monopoly right to produce and trade in specific products. It was, therefore, difficult for new merchants to set up business in towns. So they turned to countryside.
- In the countryside the conditions were favourable for them because in the countryside, with the disappearance of open fields and enclosure of common lands, the peasants were in search of alternative sources of income.
- Many peasants had tiny plots of land which could not provide work for all members of the household.
- The peasants agreed to do work for the merchants because it was beneficial for them too because they could remain in the countryside and could also cultivate their small plots of land. It enabled them to use full strength of their families as well.
(c) The port of Surat declined by the end of the eighteenth century due to the factors as mentioned below :
- Before the age of machine industries, silk and cotton goods from India dominated the international market in textiles.
- A vibrant sea trade operated through the main pre-colonial ports. Surat on the Gujarat coast connected India to the Gulf and Red Sea ports.
- By the 1750s the network controlled by Indian merchants was breaking down as the European companies gradually gained power including concessions from the local courts as well as the monopoly rights to trade.
- While Hoogly and Surat decayed, Bombay and Calcutta grew because now trade was carried through the new ports and was carried in European ships. As a result of it, many of the old trading houses collapsed. Thus, export from Surat fell dramatically. In the last years of the seventeenth century, the gross value of trade that passed through Surat had been ? 16 million by the 1740s, it declined to ? 3 million.
(d) The East India Company anointed gomastha to supervise weavers in India due to the following factors :
- After establishing its political power in India, the company wanted to establish a monopoly ‘right to trade. It proceeded to develop a system of management and control that would eliminate competition, control costs and ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk goods. This it did through a series of steps.
- The most important step was to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with the cloth trade and establish a more direct control over the weaver. It appointed a paid servant called the gomastha to supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth.The weavers who had taken advances from the company had to handover the cloth they produced to the gomastha.
Q.2. Write True or False against each statement:
(a) At the end of the 19th century, 80 per cent of the total workforce in Europe was employed in the technologically advanced industrial sector.
(b) The international market for textiles was dominated by India till the eighteenth century.
(c) The American Civil War resulted in the reduction of cotton exports from India.
(d) The introduction of the fly shuttle enabled the handloom workers to improve their productivity.
Ans.
(a) False
(b) True
(c) False
(d) True
Q.3. Explain what is meant by proto industrialisation.
Ans.
Even before setting up the factories, there was large-scale industrial production for an international market. This was not based on factories. It is known as proto-industrialization. It was a part of a network of commercial exchanges. Merchants were based in towns but the t work was done mostly in the countryside.
Q.4. Why did some industrialists in the nineteenth century Europe prefer hand labour over machines? [CBSE Sept. 2010, 2011]
Ans. (i) Expensive new technology: New technologies and machines were expensive, so the producers and the industrialists were cautious about using them.
(ii) Costlier repair: The machines often broke down and the repair was costly.
(iii) Less effective: They were not as effective as their inventors and manufacturers claimed.
(iv) Availability of cheap workers: Poor peasants and migrants moved to cities in large numbers in search of jobs. So the supply of workers was more than the demand. Therefore, workers were available at low wages.
(v) Uniform machine-made goods: A range of products could be produced only with hand labour. Machines were oriented to producing uniforms, standardized goods for a mass market. But the demand in the market was often for goods with intricate designs and specific shapes.
In the mid-nineteenth century. Britain, for instance. 500 varieties of hammers were produced, and 15 kinds of axes. This required human skill, not mechanical technology.
Q.5. How did the East India Company procure regular supplies of cotton and silk textiles from the Indian weavers ?
Ans. (i) Monopoly right : Once the East India Company established political power, it asserted a monopoly right to trade
(ii) New system : After establishing monopoly over trade :t proceeded to develop a system of management and control that would eliminate competition, control costs, and ensure regular supplies of cotton and silk goods. This it did through a series of steps.
(iii) Appointing Gomasthas : The Company tried to eliminate the existing traders and brokers connected with the doth trade, and establish a more direct control over the weavers. It appointed a paid secant called the Gomostha to supervise weavers, collect supplies, and examine the quality of cloth.
(iv) System of advances : To have a direct control over the weavers, the company- started the system of advances. Once an order was placed, the weavers were given loans to purchase the raw material for their production. Those, who took loans had to hand over the doth they produced to the Gomastha. They could not take it to any other trader.
(v) Use of power : The places where the weaver refused to cooperate the Company used its police. At many places weaver were often beaten and flogged for delays in supply.
Q.6. Imagine that you have been asked to write an article for an encylopedia on Britain and the history of cotton. Write your piece using information from the entire chapter.
Ans. Self- explanatory.
Q.7. Why did the industrial production in India increase during the First World War ? [CBSE Sept. 2011]
Ans. (i) Decline of Manchester : With British mills busy with war production to meet the needs of the army. Manchester imports into India declined.
(ii) Increase in demand : With the decline of imports suddenly. Indian mills had a vast home market to supply.
(iii) Demand from army : As the War prolonged. Indian factories were called upon to supply war need;i.e.. jute bags, doth for the army uniforms, tents and leather boots, horse and mule saddles, and a host of other items.
(iv) New factories : New factories were set up. and old ones ran multiple shifts. Many new workers were employed, and everyone was made to work for longer hours. Over the war years, industrial production boomed.
(v) Downfall of British industry and boon for home industry : After the war Manchester could never recapture its old position in the Indian market. Unable to modernise and compete with the US. Germany and Japan, the economy of Britain crumbled after the war. Cotton production collapsed and exports of cotton cloth from Britain fell dramatically. Within the colonies, local industrialists gradually consolidated their position, substituting foreign manufactures and capturing the home market.
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