Exploring Society: India and Beyond 2. Oceans and Continents
TEXTUAL QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
1. Explain the following terms:
(a) Continent
(b) Ocean
(c) Island
Ans: Here are the explanations for the given terms:
(a) Continent:
A continent is a large, continuous area of land that is separated by oceans. There are seven continents:
1. Africa
2. Antarctica
3. Asia
4. Australia
5. Europe
6. North America
7. South America
(b) Ocean:
An ocean is a vast, continuous body of saltwater that covers over 70% of the Earth's surface. There are five oceans:
1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic Ocean
3. Indian Ocean
4. Arctic Ocean
5. Southern Ocean (also known as the Antarctic Ocean)
Oceans are interconnected and form a single, global ocean system.
(c) Island:
An island is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on all sides. Islands can be found in oceans, seas, lakes, or rivers. They can vary greatly in size, shape, and geography.
Some key characteristics of islands include:
- Being surrounded by water
- Being separate from continents or other landmasses
- Having a distinct geographical or cultural identity
Examples of islands include Hawaii, Great Britain, and Madagascar.
2. Let us draw – Without looking at the maps in this chapter, draw the continents free hand on a sheet of paper and colour them. Then compare your drawing with the map of oceans and continents in the chapter.
Ans: Do yourself
3. Let us do – On the outline map of the world given below, label all the continents and oceans.
Ans:
The Big Questions
1. What are oceans and continents? What are their names and their distribution?
Ans: Oceans and continents are the two major geographical features of the Earth's surface.
Oceans:
There are 5 oceans, covering over 70% of the Earth's surface:
1. Pacific Ocean (155.6 million km²): Largest ocean, between Asia, Australia, and the Americas.
2. Atlantic Ocean (85.1 million km²): Second-largest ocean, between the Americas, Europe, and Africa.
3. Indian Ocean (73.5 million km²): Between Asia, Africa, and Australia.
4. Arctic Ocean (14.0 million km²): Smallest and coldest ocean, surrounding the North Pole.
5. Southern Ocean (20.3 million km²): Also known as the Antarctic Ocean, surrounding Antarctica.
Continents:
There are 7 continents, making up about 30% of the Earth's surface:
1. Africa (30.3 million km²): Second-largest continent, home to 55 countries.
2. Antarctica (14.0 million km²): Smallest and coldest continent, covered in ice.
3. Asia (44.5 million km²): Largest continent, home to 49 countries.
4. Australia (7.7 million km²): Smallest continent, also an island country.
5. Europe (10.1 million km²): Home to 50 countries.
6. North America (21.5 million km²): Includes the United States, Canada, and Mexico.
7. South America (17.8 million km²): Home to 12 countries.
These oceans and continents are distributed across the globe, with the oceans surrounding the continents and covering most of the Earth's surface.
2. In what ways do oceans and continents impact life on Earth, including human life?
Ans: Oceans and continents significantly impact life on Earth, including human life, in numerous ways:
Oceans:
1. Regulate climate: Oceans absorb and store heat, influencing global temperatures and weather patterns.
2. Provide food: Oceans are a primary source of food, with billions relying on fish and seafood as a protein source.
3. Support biodiversity: Oceans host a vast array of marine life, from tiny plankton to massive blue whales.
4. Influence weather patterns: Oceans evaporate water vapor, driving precipitation and weather cycles.
5. Moderate Earth's chemistry: Oceans absorb and process nutrients, carbon dioxide, and other essential elements.
6. Facilitate transportation: Oceans enable global trade, commerce, and travel via shipping lanes.
7. Impact human health: Oceans provide medicinal resources, and their state affects human well-being (e.g., ocean pollution).
Continents:
1. Support terrestrial life: Continents provide habitat for diverse plant and animal species.
2. Influence climate: Continents absorb and reflect solar radiation, affecting local climates.
3. Host freshwater sources: Continents contain rivers, lakes, and groundwater, essential for human consumption.
4. Enable agriculture: Continents provide fertile land for farming, supporting global food security.
5. Impact human settlement: Continents shape human migration, urbanization, and cultural development.
6. Hold mineral resources: Continents contain essential mineral deposits, driving economic activity.
7. Affect global politics: Continents influence international relations, borders, and conflicts.
Interplay between oceans and continents:
1. Coastal interactions: Oceans shape coastlines, affecting human settlement, trade, and recreation.
2. Water cycles: Oceans and continents exchange water through evaporation, precipitation, and runoff.
3. Nutrient exchange: Oceans and continents exchange nutrients, influencing marine and terrestrial ecosystems. In summary, oceans and continents are intricately connected and impact life on Earth in countless ways, from regulating climate and supporting biodiversity to facilitating human transportation and influencing global politics.
LET’S EXPLORE
1. What are the circular lines in each map called? And do you know what the lines radiating out of the two poles are called?
(Hint: you studied them in the previous chapter, but here they are presented differently.)
Ans: The circular lines on a map are called parallels of latitudes. They are imaginary lines that run east-west, parallel to the Equator, and measure distance north or south of the Equator.
The lines radiating out of the two poles are called meridians or longitudes. They are imaginary lines that run north-south, converging at the poles, and measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian (which passes through Greenwich, England).
- Latitudes (parallels):
- Measure distance north or south of the Equator (0° latitude)
- Range from 0° to 90° North (N) or South (S)
- Longitudes (meridians):
- Measure distance east or west of the Prime Meridian (0° longitude)
- Range from 0° to 180° East (E) or West (W)
Together, latitudes and longitudes form a grid system that allows us to pinpoint any location on the Earth's surface.
2. Which hemisphere holds more water?
Ans: The Southern Hemisphere holds more water than the Northern Hemisphere. Here's a breakdown:
- Oceans covering the Southern Hemisphere: 81% (Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, and Southern Oceans)
- Oceans covering the Northern Hemisphere: 61% (Pacific, Atlantic, and Arctic Oceans)
This is because the Southern Hemisphere has more oceanic area, with the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans extending further south than their northern counterparts. Additionally, the Southern Ocean surrounds Antarctica, adding to the hemisphere's water coverage. In terms of landmass, the Northern Hemisphere has more land (67.3%) compared to the Southern Hemisphere (32.7%). However, when it comes to water, the Southern Hemisphere dominates.
3. What do you think could be the approximate proportion of water to land in the Northern Hemisphere? And in the Southern Hemisphere? Discuss in groups.
Ans: Based on the Earth's surface distribution, here are the approximate proportions of water to land in each hemisphere:
Northern Hemisphere:
- Water: around 60-65% (oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers)
- Land: around 35-40% (continents, islands, and underwater landmasses)
Southern Hemisphere:
- Water: around 80-85% (oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers)
- Land: around 15-20% (continents, islands, and underwater landmasses)
4. Are all the oceans connected with one another, or are there separations between them?
Ans: Yes, all the oceans are connected with one another, forming a single, continuous body of saltwater. They are interconnected through various straits, channels, and waterways, allowing ocean currents and marine life to flow between them.
Here are some examples of connections between oceans:
1. Strait of Gibraltar: Connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea, which is then connected to the Indian Ocean through the Suez Canal.
2. Bering Strait: Connects the Pacific Ocean to the Arctic Ocean.
3. Bosphorus and Dardanelles: Connect the Mediterranean Sea to the Black Sea, which is then connected to the Atlantic Ocean through the Strait of Gibraltar.
4. Panama Canal: Connects the Pacific Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean.
5. Cape of Good Hope: Connects the Atlantic Ocean to the Indian Ocean.
6. Indonesian archipelago: Connects the Pacific Ocean to the Indian Ocean through various straits and channels.
While there are no physical separations between the oceans, they are often divided into distinct bodies based on geographical, cultural, or historical reasons. The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) recognizes the 5 oceans: Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Arctic, and Southern.
5.Locate the five oceans and, in the table below, mark the hemisphere or hemispheres they belong to.
Ans:With the help of given below image complete the table.
| Northern Hemisphere | Southern Hemisphere | |
|---|---|---|
| Pacific Ocean | Northern Hemisphere✓ | Southern Hemisphere |
| Atlantic Ocean | Northern Hemisphere✓ | Southern Hemisphere |
| Indian Ocean | Northern Hemisphere | Southern Hemisphere✓ |
| Southern Ocean | Northern Hemisphere | Southern Hemisphere✓ |
| Arctic Ocean | Northern Hemisphere✓ | Southern Hemisphere |
THINK ABOUT IT
1.If there is such an abundance of water on the planet, why is there so much talk of ‘water scarcity’ or a ‘water crisis’?
Ans: Despite the abundance of water on Earth, there are several reasons why water scarcity and water crisis are significant concerns:
1. Freshwater availability: Only 2.5% of the Earth's water is freshwater, and most of it is trapped in glaciers, ice caps, and underground aquifers. Only a small fraction is readily available for human consumption.
2. Distribution and accessibility: Freshwater is not evenly distributed across the globe. Some regions have abundant water resources, while others face severe water scarcity.
3. Population growth and demand: The global population is increasing, leading to higher water demand for drinking, agriculture, industry, and energy production.
4. Water waste and inefficiency: Significant amounts of water are lost due to inefficiencies in distribution, consumption, and waste management.
5. Climate change: Climate change alters precipitation patterns, leading to droughts in some areas and floods in others, exacerbating water scarcity.
6. Water pollution: Water pollution from human activities, such as agriculture, industry, and urbanization, reduces the availability of safe and clean water.
7. Agricultural water usage: Agriculture accounts for approximately 70% of global freshwater usage, straining local water resources.
8. Urbanization and water infrastructure: Rapid urbanization puts pressure on aging water infrastructure, leading to water losses and inefficiencies.
9. Water management and governance: Inadequate water management, lack of regulation, and insufficient investment in water infrastructure contribute to water scarcity.
These factors combined create a water crisis, making it essential to address water management, conservation, and sustainability to ensure equitable access to this vital resource.
2. What ways of saving water are you aware of? Whichones have you seen practiced at home, at your school, and in your village, town or city?
Ans: Here are some ways to save water:
Home:
1. Fixing leaks and installing low-flow fixtures
2. Using water-efficient appliances
3. Taking shorter showers
4. Turning off taps while brushing teeth or washing hands
5. Using a water filter instead of bottled water
6. Collecting rainwater for non-potable uses
7. Using a dishwasher and washing machine with full loads
School:
1. Installing low-flow faucets and toilets
2. Implementing water-saving education programs
3. Encouraging students to report leaks
4. Using drought-resistant plants in landscaping
5. Implementing rainwater harvesting systems
Village, town, or city:
1. Implementing water-saving technologies like smart meters
2. Promoting water-efficient practices through public awareness campaigns
3. Implementing rainwater harvesting systems
4. Creating water-efficient parks and gardens
5. Implementing water recycling and reuse programs
6. Enforcing water-saving regulations and fines for excessive usage
7. Encouraging water-saving habits through community programs
Additional measures:
1. Using greywater (wastewater from sinks, showers, etc.) for irrigation
2. Implementing efficient irrigation systems
3. Using drought-resistant crops and plants
4. Covering swimming pools to reduce evaporation
5. Using water-efficient cleaning methods
Additional Questions and Answers
A. Answer the following in short.
1. When seen from outer space, the Earth appears mostly blue because- OR The earth is called the ‘blue planet’ because-
Ans: Most of the Earth’s surface is actually covered with water — almost three-fourths of the surface, in fact. That is why, when seen from outer space, the Earth appears mostly blue. Indeed, early astronauts lovingly called the Earth the ‘blue planet’.
2. Define the oceans.
Ans: The largest water bodies we see on the globe are called ‘oceans’.
3. How much part of the earth is covered with land?
Ans: One-fourth of the earth is covered with land.
4. What is the landmass and continent?
Ans: A large body of land is called a ‘landmass’, and a large continuous expanse of land is called a ‘continent’.
5. How do oceans and continents play a vital role in shaping the climate of the Earth?
Ans: Oceans and continents affect all aspects of life, including all plants and animals, and therefore, human life too. We see their impact throughout our history and culture, and in our daily lives.
6. State the meaning of ‘sea’, ‘bay’, ‘gulf’.
Ans: Here are the meanings of 'sea', 'bay', and 'gulf':
Sea:
1) A sea is a large body of saltwater that is usually connected to an ocean and is often partially enclosed by land.
2) Seas are typically smaller than oceans and may be partially separated from the open ocean by islands, peninsulas, or other landforms.
3) Examples of seas include the Mediterranean Sea, the Red Sea, and the Black Sea.
Bay:
1) A bay is a body of water that is partially enclosed by land, typically with a wide mouth opening into a larger body of water such as an ocean, sea, or lake.
2) Bays are often characterized by calm waters and may have a variety of shorelines, including beaches, cliffs, or mangroves.
3) Examples of bays include San Francisco Bay, Hudson Bay, and Guantánamo Bay.
Gulf:
1) A gulf is a large body of water that is partially enclosed by land, similar to a bay, but typically larger and more deeply indented into the coastline.
2) Gulfs often have a narrow entrance and may be connected to an ocean or sea.
3) Examples of gulfs include the Gulf of Mexico, the Persian Gulf, and the Gulf of California.
Key differences:
- Size: Seas are generally larger than bays and gulfs.
- Connection: Seas are often directly connected to an ocean, while bays and gulfs are partially enclosed by land.
- Shape: Bays tend to have a more rounded or curved shape, while gulfs are often more deeply indented into the coastline.
These terms are not always strictly defined and may be used somewhat loosely or interchangeably in different contexts.
7. Define the flora and fauna.
Ans: Flora: The plant life of a particular region or period of time.
Fauna: The animal life of a particular region or period of time.
8. What does marine fauna consist of?
Ans: The marine fauna consists of thousands of species of colorful fish, dolphins, whales, and countless mysterious deep-sea creatures.
9. What are the main limits of the Indian Ocean?
Ans: The main limits of the Indian Ocean are Asia to the north, Africa to the west and Australia to the east, apart from the Southern Ocean in the south.
10. What are the two major groups of islands in India?
Ans: Two major islands of India are Lakshadweep and Andman and Nicobar Island.
11. What is a cyclone? What are the types of cyclones?
Ans: A cyclone is a large-scale rotating air mass that forms over the ocean or atmosphere, characterized by strong winds and low atmospheric pressure at its center.
Cyclones can be classified into different types based on their intensity, location, and characteristics:
1. Tropical cyclones (also known as hurricanes or typhoons): Form over warm ocean waters in the tropics, with sustained winds of 119 km/h (74 mph) or higher.
2. Extratropical cyclones: Form outside the tropics, often associated with fronts and low-pressure systems, with sustained winds of less than 119 km/h (74 mph).
3. Subtropical cyclones: Form in the subtropics, with characteristics of both tropical and extratropical cyclones.
4. Polar cyclones: Form in the polar regions, associated with cold air and strong winds.
Cyclones are fueled by the heat and moisture from the ocean, and can bring heavy rainfall, storm surges, and strong winds, leading to significant damage and loss of life.
Some notable types of cyclones include:
- Hurricanes (North Atlantic and Northeast Pacific)
- Typhoons (Northwest Pacific)
- Cyclonic storms (Indian Ocean and Southern Pacific)
- Willy-willies (Western Australia)
- Blizzards (polar regions)
12. What is a Tsunami?
Ans: A tsunami is a series of ocean waves that are extremely large and powerful, caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, usually as a result of an earthquake or volcanic eruption. Tsunamis can also be triggered by landslides, meteorite impacts, or other events that disrupt the ocean floor.
Tsunamis are characterized by:
1. High speed: Tsunami waves can travel at speeds of up to 500 miles per hour (800 kilometers per hour), much faster than normal ocean waves.
2. Long wavelength: Tsunami waves have a very long wavelength, often exceeding 100 miles (160 kilometers), which allows them to maintain their energy and travel long distances without losing power.
3. Low frequency: Tsunami waves have a low frequency, which means they have a long period between waves, often 10-60 minutes.
4. High amplitude: Tsunami waves can reach heights of over 100 feet (30 meters) as they approach the shore, causing widespread destruction and loss of life.
Tsunamis can cause catastrophic damage and loss of life when they reach the coast, including:
- Widespread flooding and inundation
- Destruction of buildings, infrastructure, and vegetation
- Loss of human life and displacement of communities
Early warning systems and evacuation plans are crucial for mitigating the impact of tsunamis. If you are in a coastal area and receive a tsunami warning, move immediately to higher ground or follow evacuation instructions from local authorities.
13. How do the oceans play a crucial role in regulating the climate and sustaining life on Earth?
Ans: 1. Without oceans there would be no rainfall.
2. The Earth would be a desert.
3. Moreover, more than half of the world’s oxygen is produced by the oceans’ flora, which is why they are called ‘the planet’s lungs’.
14. In what way oceans were useful in early times?
Ans: 1. From early times, people have used oceans and seas to migrate to other regions, to trade in all kinds of goods, to conduct military campaigns, and as a source of food through fishing.
2.Oceans have also nourished the cultures of coastal people all over the world.
15. Why do we observe June 8 as World Oceans Day?
Ans: We observe June 8 as World Oceans Day to remind us all of the major role the ocean plays in everyday life. It serves as the lungs of our planet, a major source of food and medicine and a critical part of the biosphere.
B. Answer the following in one sentence.
1.Name a Vedic deity associated with the oceans, the sky, and water in general.
Ans: Varuna
2. What does the emblem of the Indian Navy contains?
Ans: The emblem of the Indian Navy contains the motto Sam noh Varunah (pronounced ‘Śham no Varuṇah’), which means, “Be auspicious to us, O Varuna.”
3. What are the sources of freshwater on earth?
Ans: Freshwater is found in glaciers, rivers, lakes, in the atmosphere and also underground (the last is called ‘groundwater’).
4. Name the five major oceans.
Ans: The Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic Ocean and the Southern (or Antarctic) Ocean.
5. What is called algae?
Ans: The marine flora includes tiny plants called algae.
6. Which is the largest ocean in the world?
Ans: The Pacific Ocean is the largest ocean in the world.
7. Which is the third largest ocean in the world?
Ans: The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean in the world.
8. Which is the smallest ocean in the world?
Ans: The Arctic Oceans is the smallest ocean in the world.
9. What are the two parts of the Indian Ocean?
Ans: On either side of India, we find two parts of the Indian Ocean — the Arabian Sea to the west and the Bay of Bengal to the east.
10. How many continents are in the world?
Ans: There are seven continents in the world.
11. What are the two continents consist of in Eurasia?
Ans: Europe and Asia are part of Eurasia.
12. Who are Geologists?
Ans: Geologists are scientists who study the Earth's physical structure, composition, and processes.
13. What are the seven continents in the world?
Ans: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America, South America are the seven continents in the world.
14. What does the five Olympic rings represent?
Ans: The rings were chosen to represent five inhabited continents — Africa, America, Asia, Australia and Europe.
15. What do Olympic Rings symbolize?
Ans: Olympic Rings symbolize the gathering of sportspeople from all over the world.
16. Write down the list of continents from the smallest to the largest.
Ans: Here is the list of continents in order from smallest to largest:
1. Australia
2. Antarctica
3. Europe
4. North America
5. South America
6. Africa
7. Asia
17. What are called Islands?
Ans: Islands are land masses that are surrounded by water on all sides. They can be found in oceans, seas, lakes, and rivers.
18. Where is the location of Andman and Nicobar and Lakshadweep Island?
Ans: Andaman and Nicobar Islands in the Bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep Islands in the Arabian Sea
19. When did India establish its first scientific base station in Antarctica?
Ans: In 1983
20. What is the first scientific base station established in Antarctica?
Ans: Dakshin Gangotri
21. How many teams of Indian scientists have conducted research in the Antarctica region, especially on the evolution of climate and environment?
Ans:40
22. When did India strike by a powerful tsunami?
Ans: On 26 December 2004
23. What are the measures to detect the tsunami in India?
Ans: There is an Indian Ocean TsunamiWarning System, to take measures to protect lives and property.
24. Which agency is responsible for handling the disaster in India?
Ans: India has its own ‘National Disaster Management Authority’ to deal with all kinds of disasters
25. Since what time the Indian Antarctica Programme has been exploring Antarctica?
Ans: Since 1981
26. What is Dakshin Gangotri?
Ans:Dakshin Gangotri is India’s first scientific base station in Antarctica.
27. Who has designated June 8 as ‘World Oceans Day’?
Ans: The United Nations has designated June 8 as World Oceans Day.
28. Why are the oceans polluted?
Ans: The oceans are polluted by human activity — we throw several million tonnes of plastic waste into the oceans every year, choking marine life.
29. Why did marine life decline?
Ans: Overfishing (excessive fishing) and pollution are causes for the decline of marine life.
C. Fill in the blanks:
1. ____ is salty and unfit for consumption by most land animals, including humans.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: Seawater
2. The Southern Ocean is the fourth largest ocean in the world.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: Fourth
3. A ___ is a natural disaster that originates in the ocean.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: Tsunami
4. Events that lead to loss of life and property are handled under ____ management.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: disaster
5. _____ is the largest island in the world.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: Greenland
6. The settlement in Antarctica where the scientists live has a library and even a ____ office.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: post
7. The Earth’s surface has vast water bodies called ‘____’ and large landmasses called ‘____’.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: oceans, continents
D. State the following TRUE or FALSE.
1.Oceans and continents are distributed equally between the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: FALSE
2. Pacific Ocean is the smallest ocean in the world.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: FALSE
3. India has its own ‘National Disaster Management Authority’ to deal with all kinds of disasters.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: TRUE
4. There are lakhs of islands on the planet, of very different sizes.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: TRUE
5. India has more than 1,300 small islands.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: TRUE
6. Oceans and continents are vital parts of the environment and affect most aspects of our lives.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: TRUE
7. Oceans are not interconnected.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: FALSE
8. The Northern Hemisphere has more land than the Southern Hemisphere.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: TRUE
Solve this crossword (Refer Text Book Page No, 40)
Ans: Across
1. Abundantly produced by the oceans- OXYGEN
3. A large expanse of landmass -CONTINENT
6. A large continent of which India is a part -EURASIA
8. A major source of pollution of the oceans- PLASTIC
10. The coldest continent- ANTARCTICA
Down
2. The largest island on Earth-GREENLAND
4. A huge destructive wave from the ocean- TSUNAMI
5. The smallest continent-AUSTRALIA
7. The largest body of water on the Earth-OCEANIC
9. A landmass (but not a continent) surrounded by the sea or ocean- ISLAND
E. Choose the appropriate answer from the given below options.
1. Which one is known as ‘Blue Planet’?
(a) Earth
(b) Venus
(c) Mercury
(d) Jupiter
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (a) Earth
2. A person who travels beyond the Earth's atmosphere, exploring space and working in space missions.
(a) geologist
(b) cartographer
(c) scientist
(d) astronaut
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (d) astronaut
3. The largest water bodies we see on the globe are called-
(a) continent
(b) ocean
(c) strait
(d) valley
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) ocean
4. The part of land is — on the globe.
(a) two-third
(b) half
(c) one-fourth
(d) one-seventh
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) one-fourth
5. A large body of land is called a—
(a) ocean
(b) atmosphere
(c) cloud
(d) landmass
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (d) landmass
6. a large continuous expanse of land is called a —
(a) ocean
(b) atmosphere
(c) continent
(d) landmass
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) continent
7. Consider the following statements, Which of the following is/are correct statement/s?
1.Both oceans and continents play a vital role in shaping the climate of the Earth.
2.They affect all aspects of life, including all plants and animals, and therefore, human life too.
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
(a) Only statement 1 is correct
(b) Only statement 2 is correct
(c) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
(d) Neither statement 1 nor statement 2 is correct
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
8. ‘Sam noh Varunah’ is the motto of Indian —
(a) Army
(b) Navy
(c) Air Force
(d) NDRF
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) Navy
9. Identify the following emblem.
(a) Army
(b) Navy
(c) Air Force
(d) NDRF
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) Navy
10. A Vedic deity associated with the oceans, the sky, and water.
(a) Indra
(b) Som
(c) Varun
(d) Vishnu
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) Varun
11. Which hemisphere holds more water?
(a) Northern
(b) Southern
(c) both a and b
(d) none of these
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (a) Northern
12. Which one is not the source of freshwater?
(a) glaciers
(b) rivers
(c) ocean
(d) lakes
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) ocean
13. Which of these is not the ocean?
(a) the Pacific
(b) Australia
(c) the Arctic
(d) the Atlantic
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) Australia
14.Which one is not a marine species?
(a) colourful fish
(b) dolphins
(c) whales
(d) squirrel
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (d) squirrel
15. — is the largest ocean in the world.
(a) Southern Ocean
(b) Arctic Ocean
(c) Indian Ocean
(d) Pacific Ocean
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (d) Pacific Ocean
16. The Indian Ocean is the — largest ocean in the world.
(a) second
(b) fifth
(c) third
(d) fourth
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) third
17. The smallest ocean in the world is—
(a) Southern Ocean
(b) Arctic Ocean
(c) Indian Ocean
(d) Pacific Ocean
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) Arctic Ocean
18. Australia lies to the east of —
(a) Indian Ocean
(b) Arctic Ocean
(c) Southern Ocean
(d) Pacific Ocean
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (a) Indian Ocean
19. Which of the following seas lies to the west of India?
(a) Indian Ocean
(b) Bay of Bengal
(c) Indian Ocean
(d) Arabian Sea
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (d) Arabian Sea
20. A huge and powerful wave generally caused by a strong earthquake or a volcanic eruption at the bottom of the ocean.
(a) cyclone
(b) landslide
(c) tsunami
(d) flood
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) tsunami
21. On 26 December 2004, India and another 13 countries around the Indian Ocean were struck by a powerful tsunami caused by an earthquake in —.
(a) India
(b) Indonesia
(c) Japan
(d) Sri Lanka
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) Indonesia
22. Which two states were severely affected and suffered much damage and loss of life from the tsunami of 2004?
(a) Maharashtra and Goa
(b) Tamil Nadu and Kerala
(c) Madhya Pradesh and Chhattisgarh
(d) Rajasthan and Haryana
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) Tamil Nadu and Kerala
23. What is the symbol given below?
(a) Olympic Games
(b) CommonWealth Games
(c) Hockey
(d) Cricket
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (a) Olympic Games
24. Select the correct list of continents from the smallest to the largest.
(a) Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia
(b) South America, Antarctica, Europe, Australia, Asia, Africa, North America
(c) Antarctica, Europe, Australia, Asia, Africa, North America, South America
(d) Australia, Europe, Antarctica, South America, North America, Africa, Asia
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (d) Australia, Europe, Antarctica, South America, North America, Africa, Asia
25. Some smaller pieces of land are left out; surrounded by water on all sides, they are called —.
(a) Ocean
(b) Bay
(c) islands
(d) estuary
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) islands
26. Greenland is the largest island in the world.
(a) Hawaii
(b) Great Britain
(c) Iceland
(d) Greenland
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (d) Greenland
27. In 1983, India established its first scientific base station in Antarctica, called ‘---’.
(a) Dakshin Gangotri
(b) Uttar Gangotri
(c) Ganga
(d) Godavari
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (a) Dakshin Gangotri
28. ‘The Indian Antarctica Programme’ has been exploring Antarctica since —
(a) 1971
(b) 1981
(c) 1985
(d) 1991
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) 1981
29. The settlement where the scientists live in Antarctica has —.
(a) a library and a post office
(b) a bank and a bus stand
(c) a railway station and hotel
(d) a school and gym
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (a) a library and a post office
30. About 40 teams of Indian scientists have conducted research in this faraway region, especially on the evolution of climate and environment.
(a) the evolution of agriculture and horticulture.
(b) the evolution of climate and environment.
(c) the evolution of animals and plants.
(d) the evolution of space and pollution
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (b) the evolution of climate and environment.
31. more than half of the world’s oxygen is produced by the oceans’ flora, which is why they are called ‘---’.
(a) the planet’s hearts
(b) the planet’s brains
(c) the planet’s lungs
(d) the planet’s muscles
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) the planet’s lungs
32. Consider the following statements, Which of the following is/are correct statement/s?
From early times, people have used oceans and seas
1. to migrate to other regions
2. to trade in all kinds of goods
3. to conduct military campaigns
4. and as a source of food through fishing.
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (a) Earth
Select the correct answer using the code given below:
A) Only statement 1 is correct
B) Only statement 2 is correct
C) Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
D) All are correct
👁Answer
Correct Answer: D) All are correct
33. When do we observe ‘World Oceans Day’?
(a) May 8
(b) August 12
(c) June 8
(d) December 10
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) June 8
34. Scientific studies have shown how the oceans are polluted by —
(a) human activity
(b) natural activity
(c) marine species
(d) disaster
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (a) human activity
35. — is another cause for the decline of marine life.
(a) navigation
(b) natural activity
(c) overfishing
(d) disaster
👁Answer
Correct Answer: (c) overfishing
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