76. Which of the following has been asserted about schools by Marxist educational philosophy?
(a) They should stand above politics
(b) They should disinterestedly serve society as a whole
(c) They should function as deliberate instruments of state policy
(d) They should not be mere weapons in the hands of the ruling class.
77. Which of the following characteristics is common to Pragmatism, Naturalism and Existentialism?
(a) Emphasis on spiritual aims of education
(b) Emphasis on the individual
(c) Emphasis on physical environment
(d) Emphasis on value education.
78. Whose is the ultimate concern-“What is existence”?
(a) Idealists only
(b) Realists only
(c) Existentialists and Idealists both
(d) Existentialists only.
79. Which of the following philosophies held that ‘Men in the world feel lonely and anxious, being unsure of their meaning and fearful of their annihilation’ ?
(a) Existentialism
(b) Idealism
(c) Marxism
(d) Pragmatism.
80. According to Existentialists, the essence of existence means
(a) Unity with the ultimate reality.
(b) Spiritual good and happiness.
(c) Tensions and contradictions which condition loneliness and anxiety.
(d) Continuous growth and development.
81. Who was the nineteenth century founder of Existentialism?
(a) Hegel
(b) Soren Kierkegaard
(c) Rousseau
(d) D.J. O’Connor.
82. Who was twentieth century Existentialist?
(a) Soren Kierkegaard
(b) D.J. O’Connor
(c) Jean Paul Sartre
(d) Hegel.
83. Which of the following is more generally acceptable by modern educationists?
(a) There should be one single aim of education unchangeable over time and space
(b) There is one grand objective of education; and that is the development of the inner nature of the child
(c) Contribution to the welfare of the society should be the only aim of education
(d) Education is bound to have several aims since its concerns are several such as the individual, the society, the family, the nation and so on.
84. What is development of human potentialities in education?
(a) Individual aim
(b) Social aim
(c) Individual as well as social aim
(d) Specific aim.
85. What is development of social sense and cooperation among the individuals through education?
(a) Individual aim
(b) Social aim
(c) National aim
(d) Constitutional aim.
86. Which among the following is not an acceptable criticism of social aims of education?
(a) They are anti-individual
(b) They are un-psychological as they do not take into account the capacities and interests of the individual
(c) They hinder the growth and development of art and literature
(d) Man, in them, becomes only a means to an end.
87. Which among the following is not emphasized by the individual aims of education?
(a) Individual freedom
(b) Self-expression
(c) Development of inner potentialities.
(d) Development of values of tolerance and non-violence.
88. Which of the following statements does not go in favour of the individual aims of education?
(a) The individual is an asset to the society; his development and growth are necessary
(b) The society is strong if the individual is strong
(c) Every individual is unique; development of his potentialities is essential
(d) Society is supreme and all individuals are only parts of it.
89. Which among the following is the most correct view about social and individual aims of education?
(a) Individual aims should be given preference to social aims
(b) Social aims should be preferred to individual aims
(c) Individual aims are implied in the social aims of education
(d) Individual and social aims are only two sides of the same coin.
90. Which statement is most acceptable to the academicians about “Bread and butter aim” of education?
(a) It is the most important aim and should be given top priority by educationists
(b) It is equally important along with other aims of education
(c) It is only partly acceptable
(d) It is important for only a section of the society.
91. Which of the following does not pertain to intellectual development aim of education?
(a) Cultivation of intelligence
(b) Spiritual development
(c) Development of cognitive powers
(d) Training and “formation” of mind.
92. Preparing the child for future life as an aim of education is preparing child for
(a) Some suitable vocation.
(b) Some particular course of study.
(c) Facing all kinds of emergencies and situations of future life.
(d) A happy married life.
93. the most effective method of character- formation is
(a) Teaching virtues through religious books.
(b) Organizing specialists’ lectures on importance of values in life.
(c) Teaching by high character teachers.
(d) Rewarding virtuous behaviours and presenting high character models in the schools.
94. Harmonious development of the child aim of education means
(a) Development of all the qualities of the mind to the maximum possible extent.
(b) Development of a sound mind in a sound body.
(c) Development of physical, mental, moral and spiritual potentialities of the child in a balanced manner.
(d) Development of the adjustment capacities of the child.
95. The social aims of education imply that
(a) The state is an idealized metaphysical entity.
(b) The state is above the individual citizen.
(c) The state is superior to the individual transcending all his desires and aspirations.
(d) The state has to give not to take anything from the individual.
96. Rigid system of state-education is justified on the basis that the state
(a) Is supreme to dictate what shall be taught and how shall be taught.
(b) Has absolute control over the lives, and destinies of its individual members.
(c) Has a right and a bounden duty to mould the citizen to a pattern which makes for its own preservation and enhancement.
(d) Has better resources to manage education.
97. Social aims of education imply the training of
(a) The individuals for the purpose of serving the needs of the society.
(b) Individuals according to their needs.
(c) The individuals according to their capacities.
(d) The individuals according to the facilities.
98. What does the individual aim of education imply?
(a) Education must secure for everyone the conditions under which the individuality is most completely developed
(b) It must contribute to the peace and happiness of the whole society
(c) It should have more and more institutions every year
(d) It should be by and large the concern of the private sector.
99. According to which philosophy of education, childhood is something desirable for its own sake and children should be children?
(a) Idealism
(b) Pragmatism
(c) Naturalism
(d) Realism.
100. Who emphasized that education should be a social process?
(a) Vivekananda
(b) Rousseau
(c) Dewey
(d) Pestalozzi
